health effect of cigarette smoking harms not just your physical health, but your mental too 26 Health Effects of Smoking

Chewing tobacco irritates the gums and can lead to receding gums, exposing the roots of your teeth

& Handcock, M

There are biological processes that we are working to understand

Reduced Blood Flow: Nicotine causes blood vessels to constrict, reducing blood flow to the gums

For instance, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde have high solubility (i.e., 13.2 M and 22.7 M, respectively) that could increase absorption rate, and thus their collection efficiency, while benzaldehyde has a low solubility (i.e., 0.06 M) and could be less efficiently absorbed during the contact time with DNPH (i.e., 2040 min) (de Andrade and Tanner, 1992)